基于通风系统的高瓦斯基建矿井巷道施工优化

基建矿井主、副（风）井贯通后,且在进入二期工程前必须形成全风压通风系统,此时,井下工程仍需采用地面局部通风机供风。由于井筒直径限制,布置的风筒数量极其有限,导致工程施工无法全面展开,严重制约了矿井的建设速度。本文以古城煤矿的建设为例,分析了施工现状存在的问题,提出了高瓦斯基建矿井的施工应充分考虑现有和未来一段时间临时通风系统的变化情况,并结合瓦斯治理工程实施方案,优化巷道施工顺序,为局部通风机入井运行及井下工程的全面开展奠定基础。     

与发达国家铸造业通风除尘环保技术方面的差距——德国考察的体会与思考

详细介绍了Busch铸造公司、Tweer铸造厂、Baumgarte铸造厂、宝马汽车铸造厂及GF—Singen铸造厂的除尘系统配置情况和实际效果，分析指出德国工厂环境保护意识强、除尘技术先进可靠、工艺设备密闭性好．并且强调供排风的平衡和重视旧砂再生技术。     

模糊PID和Hopfield神经网络在矿井通风系统中的应用

针对传统的PID控制或者单一的模糊控制无法准确控制矿井通风系统风量的问题,提出了一种采用模糊PID调节器和Hopfield神经网络调节器对矿井通风机的转速、风门、风量进行控制的方法。该方法利用模糊控制器对PID参数进行实时修正,并结合Hopfield神经网络的联想记忆功能和反馈调节特性,实现矿井通风机风量的快速、稳定输出。仿真与实验结果表明,模糊PID调节器和Hopfield神经网络调节器可以准确控制矿井通风机的转速和风量,实现通风系统的稳定输出。     

一种新型矿井通风参数综合检测仪的研制

针对矿井通风安全技术管理中风阻测定方法繁杂、误差大、分析困难等问题,文章提出了一种新型便携式矿井通风参数综合检测仪的设计方案。该检测仪采用STM32F103VB芯片作为主控制器、采用电池供电方式,具有液晶屏、大容量存储器、键盘和通信接口,可采集矿井巷道压力、温度、湿度、风速、瓦斯浓度等参数,并可记录巷道编号、支护形式等巷道信息。试运行结果表明,该检测仪性能稳定、动作可靠、测量准确。     

通风网络区域划分算法与程序实现

通风网络风道之间的风量依从关系对于通风网络的合理性分析具有重要意义。对于任意复杂的通风网络系统,有时很难从图形上直接判断出任意2条风道之间的风量依从关系。文章提出了通风网络任意风道影响区和依赖区的概念,指出其可用于任意风道之间的风量依从关系的分析;介绍了通风网络各风道依赖区、影响区划分方法以及任意风道之间归属度和依赖度计算方法,并采用C#语言编制了程序;最后用实例验证了文中所论及算法的正确性。     

分布式通风隔声罩的设计和效果研究

针对动力设备同时满足降噪和散热的需求,提出一种周期分布式结构的通风隔声罩。隔声罩的罩壁内嵌通风消声单元,声波衰减的同时,气流可顺利通过罩壁进行耗散。介绍了分布式通风隔声罩的设计,并对其隔声性能进行了理论计算。通过分布式通风隔声罩对三种不同设备的插入损失分别进行了实际测量和分析。研究结果表明,在通过频率以上,隔声罩插入损失的计算值和实测值吻合较好,分布式通风隔声罩在其通过频率以上具有良好的隔声效果。该分布式通风隔声罩的有效降噪频率可根据不同声源的频率特性进行专一设计,适用于各种需要通风散热的设备的隔声。     

On the effect of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium

Natural ventilation of buildings refers to the replacement of indoor air with outdoor air due to pressure differences caused by wind and/or buoyancy. It is often expressed in terms of the air change rate per hour (ACH). The pressure differences created by the wind depend - among others - on the wind speed, the wind direction, the configuration of surrounding buildings and the surrounding topography. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used extensively in natural ventilation research. However, most CFD studies were performed for only a limited number of wind directions and/or without considering the urban surroundings. This paper presents isothermal CFD simulations of coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation to assess the influence of wind direction and urban surroundings on the ACH of a large semi-enclosed stadium. Simulations are performed for eight wind directions and for a computational model with and without the surrounding buildings. CFD solution verification is conducted by performing a grid-sensitivity analysis. CFD validation is performed with on-site wind velocity measurements. The simulated differences in ACH between wind directions can go up to 75% (without surrounding buildings) and 152% (with surrounding buildings). Furthermore, comparing the simulations with and without surrounding buildings showed that neglecting the surroundings can lead to overestimations of the ACH with up to 96%.     

煤矿井下安全避险“六大系统”的作用和配置方案

研究了煤矿安全监控系统在瓦斯、火灾等重特大事故监控与预警和事故调查中的作用,提出了系统的配置方案及基于煤矿安全监控系统的煤矿瓦斯爆炸等事故直接原因的认定方法;研究了煤矿井下人员位置监测系统在遏制超定员生产、事故应急救援等方面的作用,提出了系统设置方法;提出了以矿用调度通信系统和矿井广播通信系统为基础、矿井移动通信系统为补充的矿井通信联络方案,提出了严禁采用矿用IP电话通信系统和矿井移动通信系统替代矿用调度通信系统的观点;提出了高瓦斯矿井的入井人员宜携带隔离式自救器,且隔离式自救器宜选用压缩氧隔离式自救器的方案;提出了避难硐室的装备要求和避难硐室性能价格比优于救生舱的观点;介绍了矿井压风自救系统和供水施救系统。     

可持续性住宅设计的低技术策略——巴特罗之家(Casa Batllo)自然通风设计的启示

在新时期倡导节能和环保的可持续性发展观的背景下,针对住宅建筑的经济性原则和高新技术的高成本问题,提出多管齐下、从低技术创新的角度来回应建筑的可持续性设计问题,实现生态住宅的可消费性。通过对早期生态住宅的典范——巴特罗公寓通风设计的研析,展示了低技术策略的创造性价值和非常规思路;同时通过重新审视自然通风这一传统技术的现实意义及其在现代生态住宅设计中的应用潜力,借鉴巴特罗公寓的创新启示,提倡在当代可持续性住宅设计中进一步拓展低技术思路。     

Classification of metabolic and respiratory demands in fire fighting activity with extreme workloads

Fire fighting work comprises work tasks requiring an energy yield at maximal or close to maximal levels of the individual. Due to the very nature of fire fighting more complex physiological variables are difficult to measure. We measured metabolic and respiratory responses in 15 male, professional fire fighters during simulated work tasks on a test ground. Work time was on the average 22 min with individual components of work tasks lasting 2-4 min. The mean oxygen consumption for the whole exercise (22 min) was 2.75+/-0.29 l/min. The most demanding work task demanded an oxygen uptake of 3.55+/-0.27 l/min. Corresponding values for respiratory minute volumes were 82+/-14 and 102+/-14l/min, respectively. Heart rates averaged 168+/-12 for the whole test and 179+/-13 beats/min for the heaviest work task. Two new classes for classification of intensive and exhausting, short term physical work are proposed for inclusion in ISO8996 and values for relevant parameters are proposed.